Safety Standards Directory for Definitions
Safety Standards Directory - Worldwide
A Quick-Reference Directory Guide to Safety Standards
Worldwide Safety Standards Directory
There are standards for safety in every developed country of the world. In the United States, Canada and Europe, safety standards are developed by both governmental and non-governmental organizations. In addition to the organizations that create the standards, there are those that perform testing and certification, and yet others which oversee the use and enforcement of these standards.
Leading Safety Standards Organizations
ANSI - American National Standards Institute
1899 L Street, NW, 11th Floor Washington, DC 20036 USA
website: www.ansi.org
A 501(c)3 private, not-for-profit organization, ANSI is the organization that oversees and publishes United States National Standards. Actually, ANSI does not develop the standards, but rather it works with and provides accreditation to the hundreds of organizations that do make the standards.
ASSE - The American Society of Safety Engineers
1800 E Oakton Street
Des Plaines, IL 60018 USA
web site: www.asse.org
ASSE is a professional society of approximately 36,000 members with the mission of protecting people, property and the environment. ASSE is administrator of the U.S. Technical Advisory Groups to the International Organization for Standardization on fall protection, risk management (ISO 31000), and health and safety management systems (ISO 45001). ASSE members serve on more than 40 health and safety committees, including several ANSI committees.
ASTM International - formerly American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428 USA
web site: www.astm.org
"ASTM International is one of the largest voluntary standards developing organizations in the world. ASTM is a not-for-profit organization that provides a forum for the development and publication of international voluntary consensus standards for materials, products, systems and services.
More than 12,000 ASTM standards can be found in the 80-volume Annual Book of ASTM Standards."
ATSSA - The American Traffic Safety Services Association
15 Riverside Parkway, Suite 100
Fredericksburg, VA 22406
web site: www.atssa.com
"American Traffic Safety Services Association represents the road safety, traffic safety, and highway safety industry with effective legislative advocacy, traffic control safety training, and a far-reaching member partnership."
CEN - European Committee for Standardization
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
Avenue Marnix 17 - B-1000 Brussels
web site: www.cen.eu
CEN is responsible for developing and defining voluntary standards in thirty-three European countries.
"CEN supports standardization activities in relation to a wide range of fields and sectors including: air and space, chemicals, construction, consumer products, defense and security, energy, the environment, food and feed, health and safety, healthcare, ICT, machinery, materials, pressure equipment, services, smart living, transport and packaging."
CSA Group - formerly Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
178 Rexdale Blvd. Toronto, ON Canada M9W 1R3
web site: www.csagroup.org
CSA performs testing and provides certifications, as well as develops safety and performance requirements, consensus-based standards and solutions promoting safety to industry and society.
CSC - Construction Safety Council
4415 W. Harrison St., Suite 404
Hillside, IL 60162
web site: www.constructionsafetycouncil.org
A not-for-profit organization dedicated to the advancement of safety and health interests in the field of construction throughout the world. CSC provides training and education, training materials and publications, research and consultation for employers, employees and OSHA.
DOT - U.S. Department of Transportation
1200 New Jersey Ave, SE
Washington, DC 20590
web site: www.dot.gov
The DOT is made up of 12 agencies and the Office of the Secretary. The agencies goals are to keep the traveling public safe and secure, increase their mobility, and have our transportation system contribute to the nation's economic growth.
Agencies of the US Dept of Transportation:
- Office of the Secretary (OST)
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
- Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
- Office of Inspector General (OIG)
- Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
- Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)
- Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
- Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA)
- Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
- Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation (SLSDC)
- Federal Transit Administration (FTA)
- Surface Transportation Board (STB)
- Maritime Administration (MARAD)
FHWA - Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
web site: www.fhwa.dot.gov
An agency of the U.S. Department of Transportation.
"The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides stewardship over the construction, maintenance and preservation of the Nation's highways, bridges and tunnels. FHWA also conducts research and provides technical assistance to state and local agencies in an effort to improve safety, mobility, and livability, and to encourage innovation."
IEEE-SA - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association
3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor New York, NY 10016 USA
web site: www.ieee.org
Globally develops consensus standards through the collaborative efforts of members from 160 countries around the world.
ILO - International Labour Organization
4 route des Morillons CH-1211 Gen've 22 Switzerland
web site: www.ilo.org
A global organization mainly focused on maintaining decent working conditions around the world. Responsible for the creation and supervision of International labor standards.
ISEA - International Safety Equipment Association
1901 North Moore Street
Arlington, VA 22209 USA
web site: www.safetyequipment.org
"ISEA is a recognized leader in the development of safety equipment standards, in the US and around the world. It works with Congress and government agencies to influence the policy makers whose decisions affect the industry. It is a forum for information sharing and industry action, providing market insight and promoting the use of personal safety equipment at work."
ISO - International Organization for Standardization
1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse CP 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland
web site: www.iso.org
Based in Geneva, Switzerland, ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is an independent, non-governmental membership organization and the world's largest developer of voluntary International Standards.
National Work Zone Safety Information Clearinghouse
c/o Texas A&M Transportation Institute
TAMU 3135
College Station, TX 77843
web site: www.workzonesafety.org
Sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), organized by the American Road & Transportation Builders Association (ARTBA), and managed by the ARTBA Transportation Development Foundation (TDF), the National Work Zone Safety Information Clearinghouse provides the transportation construction industry and the general public with comprehensive information to improve motorist, worker and pedestrian safety in roadway work zones.
NFPA - National Fire Protection Association
1 Batterymarch Park Quincy, MA 02169 USA
web site: www.nfpa.org
"A leading advocate of fire prevention and an authoritative source on public safety, NFPA develops, publishes, and disseminates more than 300 consensus codes and standards intended to minimize the possibility and effects of fire and other risks."
NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1600 Clifton Road
Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
web site: www.cdc.gov/niosh
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the U.S. federal agency that conducts research and makes recommendations to prevent worker injury and illness.
OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
U.S. Dept. of Labor
200 Constitution Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20210 USA
web site: www.osha.gov
OSHA's Mission
With the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Congress created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance.
Organization
OSHA is part of the United States Department of Labor. The administrator for OSHA is the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health. OSHA's administrator answers to the Secretary of Labor, who is a member of the cabinet of the President of the United States.
OSHA Coverage
The OSH Act covers most private sector employers and their workers, in addition to some public sector employers and workers in the 50 states and certain territories and jurisdictions under federal authority. Those jurisdictions include the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Wake Island, Johnston Island, and the Outer Continental Shelf Lands as defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act.
Nationally Recognized Safety Standards Testing Laboratories
These organizations are recognized by the U.S. Government for meeting specific qualifications to perform testing and certification of product to be used in the workplace. Manufacturers of safety gear must utilize organizations like these in order to market their products under specific safety standards.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
Curtis-Straus LLC (CSL)
FM Approvals LLC (FM)
International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials EGS (IAPMO)
Intertek Testing Services NA, Inc. (ITSNA)
MET Laboratories, Inc. (MET)
Nemko-CCL (CCL)
NSF International (NSF)
QAI Laboratories, LTD (QAI)
QPS Evaluation Services Inc. (QPS)
SGS North America, Inc. (SGS)
Southwest Research Institute (SWRI)
TUV Rheinland of North America, Inc. (TUV)
TUV Rheinland PTL, LLC (TUVPTL)
T'V S'D America, Inc. (TUVAM)
T'V S'D Product Services GmbH (TUVPSG)
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL)
Safety Standards for Protective Apparel
The safety standards in this directory are commonly used in the workplace. Following governmental guidelines, your workplace safety officer, project manager or other competent individual will determine which of these standards apply to your workplace tasks. In the U.S., OSHA creates and enforces safety guidelines, and will refer to these and other National Standards.
RELEVANT INDUSTRIAL SAFETY STANDARDS REFERENCE
1. ANSI/ASSE A10 Series - American National Standard on Safety in Construction and Demolition Operations
It is expected that the standards in the A10 series will find a major application in industry, serving as a guide to contractors, labor, and equipment manufacturers.
For the convenience of users, a list of existing and proposed standards in the A10 series for Safety Requirements in Construction and Demolition Operations follows:
A10.1 Pre-Project & Pre-Task Safety & Health Planning
A10.2 Safety, Health, and Environmental Training (under development)
A10.3 Powder-Actuated Fastening Systems
A10.4 Personnel Hoists and Employee Elevators
A10.5 Material Hoists
A10.6 Demolition Operations
A10.7 Transportation, Storage, Handling, and Use of Commercial Explosives and Blasting Agents
A10.8 Scaffolding
A10.9 Concrete and Masonry Construction
A10.10 Temporary and Portable Space Heating Devices
A10.11 Personnel and Debris Nets
A10.12 Excavation
A10.13 Steel Erection
A10.15 Dredging
A10.16 Tunnels, Shafts, and Caissons
A10.17 Safe Operating Practices for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Construction
A10.18 Temporary Roof and Floor Holes, Wall Openings, Stairways, and Other Unprotected Edges
A10.19 Pile Installation and Extraction Operations
A10.20 Ceramic Tile, Terrazzo, and Marble Work
A10.21 Safe Construction and Demolition of Wind Generation/Turbine Facilities (under development)
A10.22 Rope-Guided and Non-Guided Workers' Hoists
A10.23 Safety Requirements for the Installation of Drilled Shafts (under development)
A10.24 Roofing ' Safety Requirements for Low-Sloped Roofs
A10.25 Sanitation in Construction
A10.26 Emergency Procedures for Construction Sites
A10.27 Hot Mix Asphalt Facilities
A10.28 Work Platforms Suspended from Cranes or Derricks
A10.29 Aerial Platforms in Construction (under development) Ver2.0 www.safetysmartgear.com 9
A10.31 Digger-Derricks
A10.32 Personal Fall Protection Used in Construction and Demolition Operations
A10.33 Safety and Health Program Requirements for Multi-Employer Projects
A10.34 Public Protection
A10.37 Debris Nets
A10.38 Basic Elements of a Program to Provide a Safe and Healthful Work Environment
A10.39 Construction Safety and Health Audit Program
A10.40 Reduction of Musculoskeletal Problems in Construction
A10.41 Equipment Operator and Supervisor Qualifications and Responsibilities (under development)
A10.42 Rigging Qualifications and Responsibilities in the Construction Industry
A10.43 Confined Spaces in Construction (under development)
A10.44 Lockout/Tagout in Construction
A10.46 Hearing Loss Prevention
A10.47 Highway Construction Safety
A10.48 Communication Tower Erection (under development)
A10.49 Control of Health Hazards (under development)
For more information please visit the ASSE web site: www.asse.org
2. ANSI/ASSE A10.32-2012 - Fall Protection Systems for Construction & Demolition Operations
This standard establishes performance criteria for personal fall protection equipment and systems in construction and demolition and provides guidelines and recommendations for their use and inspection. It includes, but is not limited to; fall arrest, restraint, positioning, climbing, descending, rescue, escape and training activities. This standard does not include linemen's body belts, pole straps, window washers' belts, chest/waist harnesses and sports equipment.
For more information please visit the ASSE web site: www.asse.org
3. ANSI/ISEA 101 - American National Standard for Limited-Use and Disposable Coveralls
The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum size, packaging and labeling requirements for limited-use and disposable coveralls. This standard includes a sizing chart to accommodate a majority of the working population who wear these garments on a daily basis in a variety of workplace uses including grain and milling operations, automotive repair, painting and dry chemical applications, abrasive blasting, food processing and construction work. Sizing criteria ranges from extra small to 6X.
4. ANSI/ISEA 103 - American National Standard for Classification and Performance Requirements for Chemical Protective Clothing
ANSI/ISEA 103-2010 provides manufacturers, users, specifiers and regulators with a way to match a protective garment to a hazard environment. It is the first US standard to address the protective apparel needs of workers who require protection from chemical hazards every day, not just in emergency situations.
This is consistent with the approach used in the European (CEN) and international (ISO) standards communities, and is one of the first attempts to harmonize testing and labeling of chemical protective clothing worldwide.
For more information please visit the ISEA web site: https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fISEA+207-2011
5. ANSI/ISEA 105 - Standard for Hand Protection Selection Criteria
American National Standard for Hand Protection Selection Criteria, ANSI/ISEA 105-2011, is designed to assist users and employers to select appropriate gloves for identifiable workplace hazards that could result in chemical burns, severe cuts and lacerations, and burns caused by heat and flame exposures.
6. ANSI/ISEA 107 - American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear
This standard provides a uniform, authoritative guide for the design, performance specifications, and use of high-visibility and reflective apparel including vests, jackets, bib/jumpsuit coveralls, trousers and harnesses. Garments that meet this standard can be worn 24 hours a day to provide users with a high level of conspicuity through the use of combined fluorescent and retro-reflective materials.
For more information please visit the ISEA web site: https://safetyequipment.org/standard/ansiisea-107-2010/
7. ANSI/ISEA 201 - Standard for Classification of Insulating Apparel Used in Cold Work Environments
American National Standard for Classification of Insulating Apparel Used in Cold Work Environments (ANSI/ISEA 201-2012) is a new, voluntary consensus industry standard that serves as a tool for rating insulative garments to assist wearers and protective apparel purchasers and specifiers in selecting clothing that meets their needs.
For more information please visit the ISEA web site: https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fISEA+201-2012
8. ANSI/ISEA 207 - Standard for High Visibility Public Safety Vests
The American National Standard for High-Visibility Public Safety Vests (ANSI/ISEA 207-2011) is the authoritative document for the design, performance specifications, and use of high-visibility vests specifically worn by public safety employees including law enforcement, firefighters and incident command personnel. It establishes design, performance specifications, and use criteria for highly visible vests that are used by public safety industries.
ANSI 107 is for general occupational use and ANSI 207 is for public safety use. For example, an ANSI 107 compliant safety vest would interfere with some of a police officer's tactical requirements. ANSI 207 was created to address the special circumstances of the public safety industry. ANSI 207 only pertains to safety vests, whereas ANSI 107 applies to safety vests and other garments and ensembles.
For more information please visit the ISEA web site: https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fISEA+207-2011
9. ANSI/ASSE Z359 - Fall Protection Code
Fall Safety requirements and definitions.
- ANSI/ASSE Z359.0-2012 - Definitions and Nomenclature Used for Fall Protection and Fall Arrest.
- ANSI/ASSE Z359.1-2007 - Safety Requirements for Personal Fall Arrest Systems, Subsystems and Components.
- ANSI/ASSE Z359.2-2007 - Minimum Requirements for a Comprehensive Managed Fall Protection Program.
- ANSI/ASSE Z359.3-2007 - Safety Requirements for Positioning and Travel Restraint Systems.
- ANSI/ASSE Z359.4-2013 - Safety Requirements for Assisted-Rescue and Self-Rescue Systems, Subsystems and Components.
- ANSI/ASSE Z359.6-2009 - Specifications and Design Requirements for Active Fall Protection Systems.
- ANSI/ASSE Z359.7-2011 - Qualification and Verification Testing of Fall Protection Products.
- ANSI/ASSE Z359.12-2009 - Connecting Components for Personal Fall Arrest System.
- ANSI/ASSE Z359.13-2013 - Personal Energy Absorbers and Energy Absorbing Lanyards.
- ANSI/ASSE Z359.14-2012 - Safety Requirements for Self-Retracting Devices For Personal Fall Arrest and Rescue Systems.
For full text standards, go to: https://www.asse.org/departments/standards/fall_protectionarrest_z359
10. ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 - American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices
Establishes performance criteria and testing requirements for devices used to protect the eyes and face from injuries from impact, non-ionizing radiation and chemical exposure in workplaces and schools. It covers all types of protector configurations including spectacles (plano and prescription), eyewear, goggles, face shields, welding helmets and full face piece respirators.
For more information please visit the ISEA web site: https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI%2fISEA+Z87.1-2015
11. ANSI/ISEA Z88 - American National Standard for Respiratory Protection
This standard sets forth accepted practices for respirator users; provides information and guidance on the proper selection, use and care of respirators; and contains requirements for establishing and regulating respirator programs.
For full text standard, go to https://www.asse.org/ansi/aiha/asse-z88-6-2006-respiratory-protection-respirator-use-physical-qualifications-for-personnel-electronic-copy/
12. ANSI/ISEA Z89.1 - American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection
This standard provides performance and testing requirements for industrial helmets, commonly known as hard hats. It establishes the types and classes of protective helmets, depending on the type of hazard encountered. It includes specifications for helmets designed to offer protection from lateral impact, or top-only impact, giving employers and users the flexibility to specify the helmet that best meets the needs of their specific workplace.
For more information please visit the ISEA web site: https://www.safetyequipment.org/c/stdz891-2014.cfm
13. ASTM F1506 - Standard Performance Specification for Flame Resistant Textile Materials for Wearing Apparel for Use by Electrical Workers Exposed to Momentary Electric Arc and Related Thermal Hazards
ASTM F1506 is a key component of the NFPA 70E standard for arc flash protection. ASTM F1506 was developed to give minimum performance specifications for protective clothing. The major requirement of this specification is that the fabric used in garments is flame resistant and has been tested to ASTM F1959 to receive an Arc Rating or ATPV (Arc Thermal Performance Value).
This is the standard that ultimately produces an electric arc energy rating expressed in calories per square centimeter. The rating will be found on the garment label (i.e., ATPV 8.0cal/cm2). This is the amount of thermal energy that the fabric is rated to withstand under the parameters of the testing guidelines.
14. ASTM F1891-12 - Standard Specification for Arc and Flame Resistant Rainwear
This specification establishes applicable test methods, minimum physical and thermal performance criteria, a suggested sizing guide, and suggested purchasing information for rainwear for use by workers who may be exposed to thermal hazards of momentary electric arcs and open flames.
15. ASTM F2733-09 - Standard Specification for Flame Resistant Rainwear for Protection Against Flame Hazards
This specification covers the minimum performance criteria for flame resistance and other requirements for rainwear used by workers with the potential to be simultaneously exposed to wet weather conditions and either hydrocarbon or petrochemical industrial fires.
This specification does not apply to rainwear used for thermal electric arc flash hazards. Specification of rainwear for these electric arc flash hazards are addressed in Specification ASTM F1891.
16. CEN-EN-471 - High-visibility warning clothing for professional use ? Test methods and requirements
European standard for High Visibility Apparel. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
17. CSA Z462 - Workplace Electrical Safety
This is the Canadian standard for electrical safety requirements for employees. It was developed in parallel with U.S. National Standard NFPA 70E, and provides guidance on the assessment of electrical hazards, design of safe work spaces around energized systems, and personal protective equipment required.
18. CSA-Z96-09 (R2014) - High-visibility safety apparel
This is the second edition of CSA Z96, High-visibility safety apparel. It supersedes the previous edition published in 2002, and is based on the identically titled American National Standards Institute Standard ANSI/ISEA 107. It is also designed to be in harmony with CEN EN 471.
19. FHWA-23 CFR 634.3 - Worker Visibility Rule
Federal Highway Administration standard for worker visibility on the highways. All workers within the right-of-way of a Federal-aid highway who are exposed either to traffic (vehicles using the highway for purposes of travel) or to construction equipment within the work area shall wear high-visibility safety apparel. Firefighters or other emergency responders working within the right-of-way of a Federal-aid highway and engaged in emergency operations that directly expose them to flame, fire, heat, and/or hazardous materials may wear retroreflective turnout gear that is specified and regulated by other organizations, such as the National Fire Protection Association. Firefighters or other emergency responders working within the right-of way of a Federal-aid highway and engaged in any other types of operations shall wear high-visibility safety apparel.
20. MUTCD - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
Document published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), incorporated by the Department of Transportation (DOT) and referenced by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). This manual sets the standards for traffic control on streets and highways across the nation, and includes specifications for work zone situations and worker safety apparel.
"The 2009 edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) requires that all workers within the right-of-way who are exposed either to traffic or to work vehicles and construction equipment within a Temporary Traffic Control zone must wear garments compliant with ANSI/ISEA 107 Performance Class 2 or 3. This applies to emergency and incident responders and law enforcement personnel as well, although they are permitted to wear ANSI/ISEA 207-compliant vests." - ISEA
21. NESC - National Electrical Safety Code
Published exclusively by IEEE, the NESC sets the ground rules for practical safeguarding of persons during the installation, operation, or maintenance of electric supply, communication lines and associated equipment. It contains the basic provisions that are considered necessary for the safety of employees and the public under the specified conditions.
22. NFPA 70E - Standard For Electrical Safety in the Workplace
NFPA 70E states, Employees shall wear FR clothing wherever there is a possible exposure to an electric arc flash. This requires employees working on or near energized parts and equipment to wear FR clothing that meets the requirements of ASTM F1506 and is appropriate to the potential energy of the hazard. The standard provides guidance on the assessment of electrical hazards, design of safe work spaces around energized systems, training and personal protective equipment required.
23. NFPA 1971 - Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting
Protection for fire fighting personnel by establishing minimum levels of protection from thermal, physical, environmental, and bloodborne pathogen hazards encountered during structural and proximity fire fighting operations.
24. NFPA 1975 - Standard on Station/Work Uniforms for Emergency Services
This standard safeguards emergency services personnel on the job by establishing requirements for flame-resistant station uniform clothing that won't cause or exacerbate burn injury.
25. NFPA 1977 - Standard on Protective Clothing and Equipment for Wildland Fire Fighting
This standard establishes requirements for protective clothing and equipment to protect against the adverse environmental effects encountered by personnel performing wildland fire fighting operations.
26. NFPA 2112 - Standard on Flame Resistant Garments for Protection of Industrial Personnel Against Flash Fire
Protects workers from flash fire exposure and injury by specifying performance requirements and test methods for flame-resistant fabric and garments.
27. NFPA 701 - Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films
This standard is often erroneously referenced with regard to safety apparel. The standard applies only to textile materials used in interior furnishing for public occupancy buildings including curtains, window shades, draperies, table linens, textile wall hangings, as well as to fabrics used in the assembly of awnings, tents, tarps and other similar architectural fabric structures and banners. A garment which has been claimed to meet the NFPA 701 "FR" standard should not be considered an "FR" garment, and the standard does not establish the flame resistant properties of the garment to be worn by a person.
28. NIOSH 42 CFR 84 - "Part 84" Approval of Respiratory Protective Devices
Certification, performance, and methods for inspecting and testing, as well as other requirements for respiratory protection.
29. NIOSH 42 CFR 84.170 - "Part 84" Non-powered Air-purifying Particulate Respirators
Regulations for testing and certifying non-powered, air-purifying, particulate-filter respirators.
(a) Non-powered air-purifying particulate respirators utilize the wearer's negative inhalation pressure to draw the ambient air through the air-purifying filter elements (filters) to remove particulates from the ambient air. They are designed for use as respiratory protection against atmospheres with particulate contaminants (e.g., dusts, fumes, mists) that are not immediately dangerous to life or health and that contain adequate oxygen to support life.
(b) Non-powered air-purifying particulate respirators are classified into three series, N-, R-, and P-series. The N-series filters are restricted to use in those workplaces free of oil aerosols. The R- and P-series filters are intended for removal of any particulate that includes oil-based liquid particulates.
(c) Non-powered air-purifying particulate respirators are classified according to the efficiency level of the filter(s) as tested according to the requirements of this part.
(1) N100, R100, and P100 filters shall demonstrate a minimum efficiency level of 99.97 percent.
(2) N99, R99, and P99 filters shall demonstrate a minimum efficiency level of 99 percent.
(3) N95, R95, and P95 filters shall demonstrate a minimum efficiency level of 95 percent.
OSHA 29 CFR 1910 - Occupational Safety and Health Standards
Workplace standards for all of the United States, District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Wake Island, Outer Continental Shelf lands defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, Johnston Island, and the Canal Zone.
For more information see the full text of the standard at the US Dept of Labor: www.osha.gov
31. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.269 - Flame Resistant (FR) Clothing ... the "269" standard
This standard requires that workers be trained in the potential hazards of electric arcs and the flames they can produce by igniting other materials in the area. It also prohibits workers from wearing clothing that, in the presence of an arc, can potentially increase the extent of injury; that is, if the clothing would ignite and continue to burn, or if it melts on the skin. Thus, workers are generally prohibited from wearing clothing materials made entirely of, or blended with, synthetic materials such as acetate, nylon, polyester, or rayon. Under this standard, employers need to make a determination of whether or not the clothing worn by the worker is acceptable under the conditions to which he or she could be exposed.
For more information see the full text of the standard at the US Dept of Labor: www.osha.gov
32. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.135 - Head Protection
The employer shall ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet when working in areas where there is a potential for injury to the head from falling objects. The employer shall ensure that a protective helmet designed to reduce electrical shock hazard is worn by each such affected employee when near exposed electrical conductors which could contact the head. This standard specifies the current acceptable American National Standards for Industrial Head Protection.
For more information see the full text of the standard at the US Dept of Labor: www.osha.gov
33. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.94 - Ventilation
This standard addresses respiratory protection from abrasive blasting, blast cleaning, cutting, grinding, spraying, spray finishing and polishing. The standard directs that employers must use only respirators approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) under 42 CFR part 84 to protect employees from hazards produced during these operations.
For more information see the full text of the standard at the US Dept of Labor: www.osha.gov
34. OSHA 29 CFR 1926 - Safety and Health Regulations for Construction
The OSHA regulations concerning work zone safety, work zone traffic control, safety training, personal protective equipment and many other subparts. OSHA references the MUTCD as a compliance guide to ensure worker safety.
For detailed information see the full text of the standard at the US Dept of Labor: www.osha.gov
35. OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart E - Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment
Protective equipment, including personal protective equipment for eyes, face, head, and extremities, protective clothing, respiratory devices, and protective shields and barriers, shall be provided, used, and maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition wherever it is necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environment, chemical hazards, radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.
For detailed information see the full text of the standard at the US Dept of Labor: www.osha.gov
36. OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart G - Signs, Signals and Barricades
The OSHA regulations concerning work zone safety, work zone traffic control, safety training, personal protective equipment relating to roadside safety. OSHA references the MUTCD as a compliance guide to ensure worker safety.
For detailed information see the full text of the standard at the US Dept of Labor: www.osha.gov
37. OSHA 29 CFR 1926.353 - Ventilation and Protection in Welding, Cutting and Heating
This standard addresses the use of filter-type respirators, face shields, screens, eyes, head and skin protection specific to welding, and refers to 29 CFR 1926 Subpart E - Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment.
For detailed information see the full text of the standard at the US Dept of Labor:www.osha.gov
38. OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M - Fall Protection
This subpart sets forth requirements and criteria for fall protection in construction workplaces covered under 29 CFR part 1926.
For detailed information see the full text of the standard at the US Dept of Labor: www.osha.gov
Other Sources and links:
Westex, Oak Brook, IL - www.westex.com
World Trade Organization, Geneva, Switzerland - www.wto.org
Understanding Work Zone Safety and High Visibility
ATSSA Guidelines for Roadway Work Zones
The American Traffic Safety Services Association (ATSSA) was awarded a four-year grant from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to provide roadway safety training nationwide for workers and others who make their livelihood on America's roadways. Developed by the ATSSA, and published by the National Work Zone Safety Information Clearinghouse, there are many useful guides and training materials. For more information, go to: www.workzonesafety.org
PDF Work Zone Pocket Guides:
- Law Enforcement: Safe and Effective Use of Law Enforcement Personnel in Highway Work Zones - POCKET GUIDE www.workzonesafety.org
- Work Zone Safety: High Visibility Apparel in Work Zones - POCKET GUIDE www.workzonesafety.org
The ATSSA has developed high visibility guidelines in accordance with the American National Standards.
For comprehensive information, please visit the Work Zone Safety website: www.workzonesafety.org
Performance Class 1 (ANSI Class 1) and U.S. Roadways
It has been determined that Class 1 safety apparel is not acceptable to wear within US roadways3. ANSI Class 1 apparel tends to blend in too much with the work environment instead of drawing attention to workers.
The minimum specifications for this type of apparel are:
- Background material equals 217 sq. in.
- Retroreflective or combined performance material with background material equals 155 sq. in.
- Combined-performance material used without background material equals 310 sq. in.
Performance Class 2 (ANSI Class 2) and U.S. Roadways
ANSI High Visibility Performance Class 2 provides better visibility for wearers through additional combined material coverage of the torso, and is more visible than ANSI Class 1. This type of apparel is required as a minimum for all workers within US roadways who are exposed either to traffic or to construction equipment within the work area.
The minimum specifications for this type of apparel are:
- Background material equals 755 sq. in.
- Retroreflective or combined performance material with background material equals 201 sq. in.
Typical Factors or Characteristics for Workers Wearing Performance Class 2
- Daytime activities.
- Working off the roadway.
- Physical barrier between worker and traffic.
- Lower speed roadways.
Examples of Work Activities Requiring a Minimum of Performance Class 2 Apparel
- Mowing.
- Inspection.
- Maintenance.
- Road signage installation.
- Surveying.
- Utility operations.
- Toll collection.
- Incident response.
- Volunteer work (Adopt-a-Highway).
- News media coverage (covering incident management).
Performance Class 3 (ANSI Class 3) and U.S. Roadways
ANSI Class 3 apparel offers the greatest worker visibility in both complex backgrounds and through a full range of body movements. This type of apparel should be worn when conditions include highly congested areas, complex lane shifts, or complex work zones. Visibility for Class 3 apparel is enhanced beyond Performance Class 2 by the addition of background and reflective materials to the arms and/or legs. Performance Class 3 apparel has to have either sleeves or trousers.
The minimum specifications for this type of apparel are:
- Background material equals 1,240 sq. in.
- Retroreflective or combined performance material with background material equals 310 sq. in.
Typical Factors or Characteristics for Workers Wearing Performance Class 3
- Nighttime.
- No physical barrier.
- Work on roadway.
- High speed roadways.
- Urban areas.
- High-crash areas.
Examples of Work Activities Requiring a Minimum of Performance Class 3 Apparel
- Flagging operations.
- Temporary traffic control setup and removal.
- Positive protection setup and removal.
- Construction.
- Incident response in emergency response particularly at night.
- Emergency utility crews dispatched at night.
What is a Performance Class 3 Ensemble?
A combination of Performance Class 2 with Performance Class E apparel is considered a Performance Class 3 ensemble2. An ensemble is a combination of apparel; for example, wearing a Performance Class 2 vest combined with Performance Class E trousers. Therefore, a Performance Class 3 ensemble can consist of one of the following:
- A combination of a Performance Class 2 vest and Performance Class E trousers.
- A combination of a Performance Class 2 vest and Performance Class E shorts.
Example of Performance Class 3 Ensemble (Performance Class 2 Vest and Performance Class E Trousers)
The design of Performance Class 3 apparel allows workers to be easily seen through a full range of body motions at a minimum of mile (1,280 feet). Performance Class 3 apparel is worn typically when workers must focus all their attention on their work and not traffic.3
Performance Class E Apparel
Performance Class E apparel, which take the form of either waistband trousers or shorts, is not intended to be worn without Performance Class 2 or 3 apparel.1 When worn with Performance Class 2 or 3 apparel, the overall classification for the ensemble will be classified as a Performance Class 3 ensemble.
The specifications for this type of apparel are:
- Background material equals 465 sq. in.
- Retroreflective or combined performance material with background material equals 108 sq. in.
Public Safety Apparel
This is apparel for fire service, emergency medical service (EMS), and law enforcement personnel in response to situations on or near the roadway. This type of apparel provides the user with features including access to belt-mounted equipment and/or tear away shoulders to allow the vest to tear away from the body if the wearer is stuck or if the garment should catch on moving vehicles or equipment.
ANSI/ISEA 207-2006, "American National Standard for High-Visibility Public Safety Vests," covers apparel standards for public safety personnel working in the roadway. Public safety apparel is designed to provide visibility to the user in hazardous situations under any light conditions by day and under illumination by vehicle headlights in the dark. This type of apparel can include optional features like pockets, panels, public safety official identification, or a tear-away feature to make the apparel more useable in the various public safety positions.
The minimum areas of visible material are 450 sq. in. for background material and 201 sq. in. for retroreflective or combined-performance material with background material. This apparel is typically identified with an identification panel and/or trim incorporated into the vest that is colored red for fire service, blue for law enforcement, or green for EMS. 4
1 ANSI/ISEA 107-2004 "American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear."
2 U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.
3 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 23, Part 634, Worker Visibility Final Rule (FHWA-2005-23200).
4 ANSI/ISEA 207-2006 "American National Standard for High-Visibility Public Safety Vests."